Friday, 19 September 2014
SEMINAR
INFORMAL LERNING CONTEXT
INTRODUCTION
Informal learning are typically places where learning takes place outside of a formal classroom, possibly in museum, parks, zoom, aquarium, play ground etc.They are characterized as the places where motivation is internal. The content is variable and possibly un sequenced attendance is voluntary, displays and objects are provided, learners are of all ages .Informal education setting can also offer rich learning opportunities for our students. Field experience can reach students who have difficulties in grasping subject matter, and provide holistic experience that are retained
Informal education, which is composed of an individual interaction with his environment is not planned, scheduled or controlled, it is something more efficient .The aim of study is to emphasize the importance and benefits of multidimensional and effective learning in environments for informal learning.
VARIOUS INFORMAL LEARNING CONTEXTS
PLAYGROUND
Children are experts at play .play are how children interact with others and experience the world around them. Play is experimenting, co-operating, taking risks, achieving success, learning from failure and of course having fun. While play is essential for the emotional and physical growth of children It is also central to adult social interactions and continued development throughout the life. Play is characterized by the intrinsic motivation, active engagement, and attention to means and freedom from external rules. Bruner described play as a means for acquiring information about and experiencing the environment. By working outdoors children built a vocabulary of routines and experiences that relate to and enhance their understanding of their everyday physical world. They.They are expensive offer a wide variety of play options, trees, shrubs, and ground covers provide different scents , textures, shapes colors and creative play.
ADVANTAGE
1. Children develop social skills to communicate ,share, collaborate and empathize with others
2. Children are creative about what and how the games are played.
3. Playground assesses risk and tackles new challenges in children by developing thinking and problem solved skills.
4. Children master new skills and they play with other children and improve their competence and confidence.
5. Play helps in managing physical and social challenges and keeping themselves safe.
PLANETARIUM
Planetarium is a learning environment where both live and pre-recorded programs are presented to introduce concepts in earth and space science to younger learners in earth and space science and prepared them for the future science learning through exposure to planetarium programs designed for them. Most planetariums are round theater like structure with slightly reclined seats and encourage the visitors to look towards the ceilings, where media is projected. In these dark environment visitors are often shown vibrant images and stunning animations about the cosmos. Planetarium has the ability to psychologically affect visitors in the audio visual experience. Planetarium visitors are given the sensation of being outdoors, flying through the space , or observing astronomical phenomena without physically experience. Planetarium can serve as a valuable learning resource by planning learners in a sensory immerse environment, understanding, knowledge and engagement.
ADVANTAGE
1. Select realistic goals and effective teaching techniques for particular groups of students.
2. Involves students in active investigation during planetarium program.
3. Access programs to find out which element are working best in helping students learn from visit
4. Student acquire experience ,perspectives interests and learning abilities
5. Students can experience with concrete objects and events.
6. Helps student to motivate their talents.
ANERT
It is the Agency for Non-conventional Energy and Rural Technology .Almost all villages of India are thirsty and hunger for power long their township or city counter parts. Everybody needs power to energize day to day life with ample facilities .In India villages reel under immense energy poverty. Regarding cooking 70 core material like cow dung for cooking. According to planning commission f India ,the highest cause of premature death in India is due to asphyxiation because of house hold air pollution caused by cooking with bio mass .With this a new realization has dawned that unless we turn to an ecologically sustainable development , the future of mankind will be at stake. The present study is primarily an explanatory on environmental communication,which combines description and narration of the experience of a wide variety of voluntary ,scientific organization and the innovative methods used by them for the interacting with one another by sharing thoughts and ideas an environmental issues ,in general interaction for selling the idea of environmental education and conservation of the people of varied backgrounds.
ADVANTAGE
1. Conservation and preservation of natural environment
2. Deforestation and re-a forestation
3. Improvement in kitchen and living condition
4. The sustainability of small scale rural industries using bio-mass fuel.
CONCLUSION
Here the mail focus of interest has central on informal learning as a means of generating positive attitudes to education, especially for people who have been excluded from mainstream of education or who have had bad experiences at school. Interest in informal learning in childhood has traditionally dealt with how parents socialize their infants into culturally approved ways of behaving. Even more impressive are the cognitive understandings and skills that are learned informally, including language, basic literacy and numeracy, the beginnings of scientific understanding, a sense of humor game rule etc. Therefore informal learning is obviously crucial for intellectual development in early childhood has an important role in adult learning.
SCIENCE RELATED TOPIC 1
GOD’S PARTICLE
Stephen Hawking: Higgs Boson Doomsday Could Destroy the Known Universe
The Higgs boson or Higgs particle is an elementary particle in the standard model of particle physics . Its main relevance is that it is the smallest possible excitation of the Higgs field – a field that unlike the more familiar electromagnetic cannot be "turned off", but instead takes a constant value almost everywhere. The presence of this field explains why some fundamental particle have mass while the symmetries controlling their interactions should require them to be mass less, and why the weak force has a much shorter range than the electromagnetic force
Famous theoretical physicist, Stephen Hawking believes that the universe can be destructed by Higgs boson particle.
Large hadron collider in CERN for the discovery of higgs bosson
stephen hawking
The particle, based on the theory,may result to a vacuum bubble that due to quantum fluctuation can later on expand through space. However, Joseph Lykken, the theoretical physicist of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory believed that it soon may not happen any time. He even advised that regularly paying the taxes must be continued as the theory may not happen at the moment
Lykken, on the other hand, supports the theory as he was thinking that it might happen already. For the possibility he was also looking that towards the Earth the bubble is heading and we must not expect any warning.
Higgs doomsday scenario, according to Hawking, is worrisome. Because of the possibility the universe has the possibility to experience catastrophic vacuum decay that the energy of the particle above 100 giga electron volts will become meta stable. This can result in leaving in the universe hydrogen alone and wiping other elements
SCIENCE RELATED TOPIC 2
Mobile phone radiation and health
Cell phones affect our memory, as there have been recent studies and researches done on animals kept in laboratories that have shown ill effects of mobile phone radiations on their memory. Cell phone radiation caused leaks in the brain tissues of rats that were exposed to this radiation for a test trial. Though we cannot avoid using cell phones, as they have become a necessity, one thing which we can do is use a hands-free to avoid direct radiation.
The effect of mobile phone radiation on human health is the subject of recent interest and study, as a result of the enormous increase in mobile phone usage throughout the world. As of November 2011, there were more than 6 billion subscriptions worldwide. Mobile phones use electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range. Other digital wireless systems, such as data communication networks, produce similar radiation.
In 2011, international agency for research on cancer (IARC) classified mobile phone radiation as Group 2B possibly carcinogenic (not Group 2A - probably carcinogenic). That means that there "could be some risk" of carcinogenicity, so additional research into the long-term, heavy use of mobile phones needs to be conducted. Many scientific studies have investigated possible health symptoms of mobile phone radiation
Side effects of using mobile phones
Radiation absorption
Part of the radio waves emitted by a mobile telephone handset is absorbed by the body. The maximum power output from a mobile phone is regulated by the mobile phone standard and by the regulatory agencies in each country
The rate at which energy is absorbed by the human body is measured by the Specific absorption Rate (SAR), and its maximum levels for modern handsets have been set by governmental regulating agencies in many countries. In the UAE, the Federal Communication commission (FCC) has set a SAR limit of 1.6 W/kg, averaged over a volume of 1 gram of tissue, It is worth noting that thermal radiation is not comparable to ionizing radiation in that it only increases the temperature in normal matter, it does not break molecular bonds or release electrons from their atoms.
Thermal effects
One well-understood effect of microwave radiation is dielectric heating, in which any dielectric material (such as living tissue) is heated by rotations of polar molecule induced by the electromagnetic field. In the case of a person using a cell phone, most of the heating effect will occur at the surface of the head, causing itstemperature to increase by a fraction of a degree. In this case, the level of temperature increase is an order of magnitude less than that obtained during the exposure of the head to direct sunlight. The brain's blood circulation is capable of disposing of excess heat by increasing local blood flow.
Non-thermal effects
The communications protocols used by mobile phones often result in low-frequency pulsing of the carrier signal. Whether these modulations have biological significance has been subject to debate.
Blood–brain barrier effects
Due to the use of mobiles, a leakage of albumin into the brain via a permeated blood brain cancer [This confirms earlier work on the blood–brain barrier by Allan Frey, Oscar and Hawkins, and Albert and Kerns.
Cancer
· Increased use of radiation Cell phone users had an increased risk of malignant gliomas.
· Link between cell phone use and a higher rate of acoustic neuromas.
· Tumors are more likely to occur on the side of the head that the cell handset is used.
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LESSON TRANSCRIPT
INDUCTIVE THINKING MODEL
Name of school : Standard: 8
Name of teacher : Sandhya v s Date :
Subject :Chemistry
Unit :Atoms, Molecules
Topic :Chemistry
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NAME OF THE CONCEPT :Pure substance and mixtures
OBJECTIVES
· Pupils develop observation skills.
· Identification of pure substance and mixtures.
· Generalization about properties of pure substance and mixtures.
· Pupils develop hypothesizing predicting result.
PHASE 1 :DATA
T: What is the common properties of water, tea, oils, kerosene, dossa, idly,curry?
S: They are liquids and some are solids.
T: Can you name some of the liquids and solids that we use in our daily life?
S: Yes, muddy water, tea, milk, honey, snacks items, rice water, sugar solution, glucose, saltsolution..
T: Can you group these examples and name them according to their similarities?
S: Yes teacher we can.
T: OK, try it.
GROUP A
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GROUP B
|
Milk
Honey
Glucose
Sugar
Salt
Oil
Kerosene
Water
|
Tea
Rice water
Muddy water
Salt solution
Sugar solution
Dossa
Idly
Curry
|
PHASE 2 :INTERPRETATION OF DATA
T: Let us analyse each group of examples and know more about them.
What is the peculiarity of liquid in group A?
S: Contains both liquids and solids.
T: Ok, anything more,
S: In group A only one substance is present.
T: Yes, you are right. They are called pure substance.
What about group B?
S: In group B both the liquids and solids contains more than one substance.
T: Yes, they are called mixtures.
Can you give definition for both pure substance and mixtures?
S: No teacher.
T: Ok, pure substances are the substances which contains only one type of molecule.
Mixtures are the substances which contain more than one type of molecule.
PHASE 3 :APPLICATION OF
T: Now I will give you examples of different substances. You name its type.
S: Ok.
T: Silver.
S: Pure substance.
T: Why it is called pure substance?
S: It contains only one type of molecules.
T: Yes right, now lime juice.
S: Mixture.
T: Why it is mixture?
S: Because it contains lemon and water, two substances.
T: Ok, I give you two pictures. Identify which is pure substance and which is mixture.
A B
S: Picture A is mixture and picture B Is pure substance.
T: Yes, right, so pure substance contains only one type of molecule and mixture contains
More than one type of molecules.
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